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NILO

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on February 29, 2008 at 9:34:32 pm
 

 FIUME NILO    RIVER NILE   RIO NILE

 

 

The River Nile

 

 

 

 

 

The Nile River is the longest river in the world, stretching for 4,187 miles. The Nile flows from south to north and is formed by three major tributaries: the White Nile, the Blue Nile and the Atbara.

 

The Blue Nile has its source in the highlands of the African country of Ethiopia, by Lake Tana. The runoff from spring rain and melting snow caused the annual summer flood of the Nile that the Egyptians depended on for water to irrigate their crops, and deposit fertile top soil.

 

Just north of Khartoum the combined White and Blue Nile meet their final major tributary, the Atbara which also has its source in the Ethiopian highlands.

 

The Nile then plunges into a canyon. Before the construction of the Aswan High Dam; the Nile rolled through a series of six rapids, called cataracts, between northern Sudan and southern Egypt. Since construction of the dam, the river has gradually changed its course.

 

North of Cairo, the Nile splits into two branches (or distributaries), the Rosetta Branch to the west and the Damietta to the east. Lake Nasser is a man-made lake created by the construction of the Aswan High Dam opened in 1971. The dam was built to regulate the flow of the Nile River, and thus benefit the region's inhabitants. However, technology often also disrupts a local ecosystem, the life and nature it affects.

 

 

The canyon that was once behind where the dam is now was flooded after the dam was built. Before the region was flooded for the dam, some Ancient sites were carefully moved. Others were permanently covered and destroyed by the water. Lake Nasser stretches over a distance of 312 miles. Gone are the days when Egyptians worry that the Nile will flood too high, destroying their crops; or fall too low, not providing proper irrigation. To enjoy the benefits of a steady river flow, thousands of people’s homes were submerged when the dam went into operation and Lake Nasser was formed.

 

The Aswan High Dam has caused other changes. The water surface of the lake has reduced the average temperature in the region. The dam has also harnessed the water for the production of electricity and navigation has been improved.

Furthermore, the Nile is no longer flowing strongly enough to keep salt water from the Mediterranean Sea from forcing its way up the Nile.

 

In one generation, thousands of years of life along the Nile River have been permanently altered.

 

 

The River Nile and its banks

 

   The Nile is truly the River of Life and has been revered in Egypt since ancient times. Until the Aswan High Dam was built, only 4% of Egypt was cultivated, but this has now been extended to 6%. Nearly all habitation owes its existence to the narrow strip of land either side of the river itself or to the very fertile Nile Delta in the north.

 

One explanation for the shape of the Ankh, the ancient Egyptian symbol for eternal life, is that it is thought to represent the Nile and its importance to life and consequently their religion. The two side arms represent the two banks of the river - East for the Living and West for the After-life. The top loop is for the productivity and fertility of the Nile Delta; the stem is for the Nile itself.

 

The proximity of the Desert to the river is a constant reminder of the fragility of the narrow strip of life which survives all the way from Aswan to Cairo. Many of the dwellings and settlements have a very simple existence with few modern amenities.

 

Boats of the River Nile

 

   the history of Egypt is totally dominated by the River Nile. At one time nearly all transportation was by boat along the river. Consequently it was always thought that Gods would travel by boat - or barque as it was called. The souls of the dead also traveled by barque in the afterlife.

 

 

 

FELUCCAS: - The felucca has remained, over the centuries, the primary transportation of the Nile. Its ancient form still graces the river as it has done since the time of the Pharaohs. Motorized barges transport bulk material and modern cruise ships transport tourists, but the felucca remains despite modern alternatives.

 

   The felucca rarely has any form of engine and relies entirely on the breeze which builds during the day and usually subsides at night. Some of the craft today are used to carry tourists who wish to enjoy an eternally peaceful journey carried along by the gentle breeze and the currents of the river.

 

Few are now made entirely of wood, but the basic layout has barely changed. They don't have a keel as such, but a heavy centre plate which can be raised in the shallows. The sails are seriously low tech affairs made of native cotton and other natural fibers.

   Tour Boats: - There are a phenomenal number of tourist boats on the Nile and most of them resemble a floating block of flats - they have little charm on the outside and absolutely no connection with Egypt on the inside. They are floating hotels designed to keep the Western traveler sanitized from the world outside - but Pharaoh does exact his revenge!!

 

   The Nile River is possibly the most famous river in history. It was by its banks that one of the oldest civilizations in the world began. Not surprisingly, the Nile teems with life. Many different types of animals, birds, and fish all call the Nile River home. Hundreds of years ago, even hippos and lions could be found here in the Nile Valley.

 

The crocodile's eyes and nostrils are on top of the head so it can see and breathe while the rest of it is underwater. As an added advantage, its ears and nostrils can close when it dives, and a nictitating membrane (a transparent eyelid) closes over the eye to keep water out.

 

   Nile Crocodiles range all over Africa, eating almost anything (including each other), but rarely moving away from their chosen body of water. Hatchlings eat small fish and insects; adults will go after turtles, baboons, and even the gigantic wildebeest. They live in large "communities" of several dozen crocodiles, but even there they tend to leave each other alone except during a "feeding frenzy" when they will all unite to take down a much larger animal.

 

 

The Importance of the Nile for the Ancient Egyptians

 

The Nile River has always been the backbone of Egypt. The mighty river flows for some 4,000 miles from the mountains of Equatorial Africa (Blue Nile) and Lake Victoria (White Nile) before it empties into the Mediterranean Sea. Without the Nile River and its annual inundation Ancient Egypt would never have come into being. Its fertile valley was renewed every year with rich silt deposits laid down during the flooding.

 

   Kilometers were placed at various points along the Nile in order to monitor the changes in the water level. It was recorded that at the start of the flooding the clear waters would turn a turbid red.

   As the agriculture of Egypt revolved around the Nile, so did the social life of the ancient Egyptians. During inundation when there was less to do, people had more time for recreational activities, they played games, held sporting tournaments and regularly feasted.

   When the River Nile receded the appearance of the land had radically changed and there was a great rush to restore boundaries. There were many disputes as markers had moved, banks had collapsed, and distinguishable features had disappeared.



 

 

TRANSPORT

 

 

 

The river was also the chief means of transport. It was their highway, making roads superfluous, except between close villages. Virtually everything moved by boat.



 

FOOD AND SPORT

 

 

The Nile, for the most part, is a gently flowing river and in the time of the ancients, was crammed with fish. It’s easy flow made fishing very popular. Everyone enjoyed fishing, from the young to old, peasant to noble.



 

RELIGION

 

 

The Egyptians believed that the Nile was the centre of the world. And the place from which it originated was, ‘the beginning of the world’. In Lower Egypt, in the area of the Nile Delta, the river splits into two great arms. The area between the two was densely populated from the earliest times. Many of the major cult centers developed in this region. Even the soul of a deceased had to cross the Nile before he could enter the kingdom of the dead.



 

SUMMARY

 

 

The ancients utilized every aspect of the river, and the achievements of both man and the Nile down the ages, deserves praise. The River Nile was the fundamental and protecting force of a great nation. Of all the great rivers, the Nile blessed its people with the most reliable and predictable cycle of Season

 

Aswan High Dam

 

Aswan High Dam Controls the Nile River

 

 

 

Just north of the border between Egypt and Sudan lies the Aswan High Dam, a huge rock fill dam which captures the world's longest river, the Nile River, in the world's third largest reservoirs, Lake Nasser. The dam, known as Saad el Aali in Arabic, was completed in 1970 after ten years of work.

 

Egypt has always depended on the water of the Nile River. The two main tributaries of the Nile River are the White Nile and the Blue Nile. The source of the White Nile are the Sobat River Bahr al-Jabal (The "Mountain Nile") and the Blue Nile begins in the Ethiopian Highlands. The two tributaries converge in Khartoum, the capital of Sudan where they form the Nile River. The Nile River has a total length of 4,160 miles (6,695 kilometers) from source to sea.

 

Before the building of a dam at Aswan, Egypt experienced annual floods from the Nile River which deposited 4 million tons of nutrient-rich sediment which enabled agricultural production. This process began millions of years before Egyptian civilization began in the Nile River valley and continued until the first dam at Aswan was built in 1889. This dam was insufficient to hold back the water of the Nile and was subsequently raised in 1912 and 1933. In 1946, the true danger was revealed when the water in the reservoir peaked near the top of the dam.

 

In 1952, the interim Revolutionary Council government of Egypt decided to build a High Dam at Aswan, about four miles upstream of the old dam. In 1954, Egypt requested loans from the World Bank to help pay for the cost of the dam (which eventually added up to US$1 billion). Initially, the United States agreed to loan Egypt money but then withdrew their offer for unknown reasons. Some speculate that it may have been due to Egyptian and Israeli conflict. The United Kingdom, France, and Israel had invaded Egypt in 1956, soon after Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal to help pay for the dam.

 

The Soviet Union offered to help and Egypt accepted. The Soviet Union's support was not unconditional, however. Along with the money, they also sent military advisers and other workers to help enhance Egyptian-Soviet ties and relations.

 

In order to build the dam both people and artifacts had to be moved. Over 90,000 Nubians had to be relocated. Those who had been living in Egypt were moved about 28 miles (45 km) away but the Sudanese Nubians were relocated 370 miles (600 km) from their homes. The government was also forced to develop one of the largest Abu Simel temples and dig for artifacts before the future lake would drown the land of the Nubians.

 

After years of construction (the material in the dam is the equivalent to 17 of the great pyramid at Giza), the resulting reservoir was named for the former president of Egypt, Gamal Abdel Nasser, who died in 1970. The lake holds 137 million acre-feet of water (169 billion cubic meters). About 17 percent of the lake is in Sudan and the two countries have an agreement for distribution of the water.

 

The dam benefits Egypt by controlling the annual floods on the Nile River and prevents the damage which used to occur along the floodplain. The Aswan High Dam provides about a half of Egypt's power supply and has improved navigation along the river by keeping the water flow consistent.

 

There are several problems associated with the dam as well. Seepage and evaporation accounts for a loss of about 12-14% of the annual input into the reservoir. The sediments of the Nile River, as with all river and dam systems, has been filling the reservoir and thus decreasing its storage capacity. This has also resulted in problems downstream.

 

Farmers have been forced to use about a million tons of artificial fertilizer as a substitute for the nutrients which no longer fill the flood plain. Further downstream, the Nile delta is having problems due to the lack of sediment as well since there is no additional agglomeration of sediment to keep erosion of the delta at bay so it slowly shrinks. Even the shrimp catch in the Mediterranean Sea has decreased due to the change in water flow.

 

Poor drainage of the newly irrigated lands has led to saturation and increased salinity. Over one half of Egypt's farmland in now rated medium to poor soils.

 

The parasitic disease schistosomiasis has been associated with the stagnant water of the fields and the reservoir. Some studies indicate that the number of individuals affected has increased since the opening of the Aswan High Dam.

 

The Nile River and now the Aswan High Dam is Egypt's lifeline. About 95% of Egypt's population lives within twelve miles from the river. Were it not for the river and its sediment, the grand civilization of ancient Egypt probably would have never existed

 

The High Dam

 

great work in the custody of Abdel Nasser of Egypt is economic projects, industrial and agricultural Alsahristih beneficial to Egypt and from the High Dam project in the dam higher profile during the High Dam in the lower photo in a ceremony to visit Egypt President Gamal Abdel Nasser, addressing the crowd standing and sitting Mr. Khrushchev Khrushchev President Ministers of the USSR (1) and returned to his country Khrushchev In October the same year expulsion Khrushchev of the Soviet Union presidency for several broke their improper behavior of others in the international community, and its foreign policy failures

 

High Dam

 

Mention of the river that varies greatly from year to year, it had reached about 167 billion cubic meters, or fall to 42 billion cubic meters annually Ohz great disparity from year to year makes reliance on the annual storage is very dangerous as it could introduce agricultural land for riding and in the years of low income to Turn thinking to create a huge dam on the Nile for water storage in the past with higher income to be used in the past with low income

Dam site has been selected higher in the current location south of the Aswan Reservoir distance of 5 to 6 km away, to a relatively narrow areas along the Nile this site

Components of the High Dam

Object Dam

 

After studies and researches several global High Dam has been designed to be kind and Alrcami provider nucleus of a deaf girl and Legendary header categorically water

Dam levels bottom 85 meters

Dam level summit 196 metres

Length of the dam at the top 3830-meter

Dam along the mainstream of Neil 520 meters

Show a dam 980 metres

The dam at the top 40 meters

Legendary injection vertical depth of 170 meters

Lake storage

Water is reserved in front of large industrial Lake High Dam characteristics as follows:

Along the lake 500 km

The average lake 10 kilometers

Storage College 162 billion cubic meters

Dead storage capacity to 32 billion cubic metres

Inundated Toshka Canal

 

Is the discharge of excess water from level 00 and 178 meters in the Lake Nasser to low natural known Toshka West Nile Valley through the channel connected between Lake Nasser, Toshka low across the Khawr Toshka.

The specifications of the hydraulic sector Canal as follows:

Along Canal 22 km

The bottom when sockets 750 meters

The bottom end at 275 meters

At the bottom level Socket 178 meters

Slope of the bottom 15 cm / m

Maximum disposal of the channel 250 million cubic meters per day

Channel conversion

Been digging a channel conversion in the eastern bank of Neil Amraraltserfat required for the front of the dam to the rear and consists of a forward channel and open channel open up their background spending six major excavated under the left wing of the dam

Canal front along the 1150-meter

The channel at the front sockets 50 meters

The channel at the front end 230 meters

Along Canal background 485 meters

The Canal background when a defect 278.5 meters

The Canal background at the end, 40 meters

 

 

Spending

 

 

Canal up Alaamamih Channel background spend six major and these tunnels lined concrete armed.

The control of these tunnels through the gates operated by electric Rafie.

Average length of the tunnel 282 meters

Qatar tunnel 15 meters

Maximum disposal design for the maintenance of 11000 cubic meters per second

Benefit from the establishment of a water pressure to generate electricity

No electricity at the station exits spending where every fork tunnel into two sections mounted on each turbine to generate electricity:

The number of turbines 12 turbine

Turbine capacity of 175 kW

Total capacity of 2.1 million kilowatts station

Electricity produced 10 billion kilowatt hours annually

Sources of financing the establishment of the High Dam

President Gamal Abdel Nasser nationalized the Suez Canal Company in July 26, 1956 to allocate revenue to finance the High Dam, after the withdrawal of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development was introduced in the financing of the project for not carrying the Egyptian economy, finance or advance payment of premiums creation of this great project.

The Soviet Union lends Egypt two loans of $ 2, 113 million pounds to finance the High Dam. The total costs of the High Dam power station and about 45 million pounds.

The High Dam projects with very high economic returns when compared Bmthelh projects with other global revenues reached within ten years - since the beginning of its establishment - at least twentyfold, which spent.

Duration of the implementation of the establishment of the High Dam

Work began in the building of the High Dam in the January 9, 1960

Been completed implementation of the first phase in May 16, 1964

Been completed implementation of the second phase in January 15, 1971

Economic benefits achieved by the High Dam since its establishment until now

-- Increase Egypt's share of Nile water where the 5 and 55 billion cubic meters annually

-- Increase the amount of farmland in Egypt about 2 and 1 million acres

-- A transfer of 970 acres of basin irrigation system to irrigation system Permanent increasing productivity feddan

-- Expansion in the cultivation of rice to 700 thousand acres annually

-- Improving navigation on the river throughout the year

-- New electric generating capacity of up to 10 billion kilowatts per year, took advantage of the lighting villages and cities and for the industrial and agricultural expansion

-- Protecting the country from the dangers of drought in the past scarce revenue such as what happened in the period from 1979 to 1987

-- Protecting the country from the dangers of floods such as high devastating flood that occurred in 1964 and the most serious flooding that occurred in 1975

The flow of water into the flat Toshka

Entered the water to the Toshka flat for the first time in 15/10/1996 as the water level in front of the High Dam to 55 and 178 meters ...

 

 

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Images for The High Dam

 

Image 1

 

 

Image 2

 

 

 

 

 

 

The Importance of The High Dam

 

The Nile River is the main source of water in Egypt

Egyptians have realized the importance of the Nile since ancient times, kicked projects such as the annual storage tank and Aswan Reservoir Jebel Aulia to control the Nile river variable income, as established Spans the Nile to regulate irrigation Ahbas different river

However, the annual storage was only partially remedy to control the Nile and control, Greater river varies greatly from year to year, it had reached about 151 billion cubic meters, or fall to 42 billion cubic meters annually

great disparity from year to year makes reliance on the annual storage is very dangerous as it could introduce agricultural land of Bouar, in years of low income

Therefore Turn thinking to create a huge dam on the Nile for water storage in the past with higher income to be used in the past with low income.

 

 

 

 

 

 

Water pollution

   

 

     

 

Definition of Water:

 

 

Water is the liquid chemical compound transparent Disulfide which is composed of hydrogen and oxygen atom, the chemical symbol: (H2O)

 

Water occupies 71% of the Earth's surface, and present the pictures the following: oceans, rivers, sea, ground water, rain, snow, as found in the living cell by 50-60%, and in the world of plants and animals also does not stop it at this point, but extend the presence of water to the outside world (outside the scope of the globe) in the atmosphere, where water vapor in the image

 

 

 

The multi-purpose use of water:

 

Water cooling

..... Of the work of cooking

..... To generate electric power

..... Ornamental fish breeding

..... Sagaih of plants and animals drinking

..... For industry

Water important to humans:

..... To maintain body temperature

..... For the disposal of waste

.... For the process of digestion

..... Transfer of materials between cells

..... The molten salts, sugars and proteins

..... The important organs of the body from the heart, I am also destroyed

There are degrees of water quality in terms of use:

-- Pure water used for any purpose without fear.

2 - Saline water such as sea water and the ocean.

-- Sewage are not subject to any treatment or purification operations and therefore does not fit any use for the purpose of human life.

4 - With purified sewage purification processes are numerous.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

First freshwater pollution and its impact on human health:

 

-- What are the elements that cause pollution of fresh water?

Fresh water is water with which the rights directly to that drink and use them in his food covered. I saw freshwater sources deteriorated significantly in recent times the lack of a wealth of attention to them. And countless factors that could cause such a phenomenon:

1 - Using water tanks in the event of non-arrival of roles Supreme water, which is not periodically Tnzviha which is extremely dangerous.

2 - inadequate sanitation and the disposal of wastes:

Sewage is sewage, a water containing types of germs and bacteria harmful result of the remnants of which received nor biodegradable what leads to the transition to the waters of rivers and lakes.

One of the more sources that are contaminating sewage water plants are remnants of the liquid resulting from the manufacturing industries: electricity generation, electrical equipment and other appliances, iron and steel, cement products, glass, plastic products, chemical products, soap, detergents, paints, paper carton, leather and dyeing, spinning and weaving, food, oil refining.

The disposal of offal factories liquid without addressing in the waters of the banks of canals and agricultural damage to the following:

1 - lose their vitality degree water up to the lack of dissolved oxygen, which leads to the deterioration of environment proliferation Microbiology, which will undertake representation of organic matter with the emerging industrial waste. Where oxygen is vital criterion for the deterioration of water and the degree of contamination of organic oxygen vital during the process of oxidation of organic material to water, and thus stimulate anaerobic bacteria in the absence of oxygen vital happens enteric and even water rots.

 

2 - Gaining ingredients water environment fertile breeding microbial biology, which may lead to the transfer of intestinal infectious microbes in the case of access to food rights either directly or indirectly.

 

3 - Appear interactions and fermentations anaerobic shorthand and gases such as hydrogen Kprtid Branch smells, methane and other toxic gases or flammable.

4 - Composed thick layer of grease over water banks, which obscures vision runoff.

 

5 - Leakage of pollutants and heavy metals into groundwater, which is an important source of drinking water for many.

 

6 - The waste liquid moving within the pores of soil, especially in the case of the Special Operations dyes yarn and fabric.

3 - Disposal of waste without processing industry, and are addressed in part. Especially solid waste, which is the following:

 

First inorganic residues:

  A - Base metals smelting and refining: sand foundries charred, slag furnaces, heat break Brick, NO rolling.

B - metal products: copper wire and aluminum and paper, the remnants of copper and steel.

C - Chemical products: NO groves and calcium carbonate and sodium.

 

Secondly remnants of membership:

A - spinning and weaving: the remnants of raw materials and yarn and textiles.

B - Paper: straw and paper had been milling and impurities paper litter.

C - Wood: dust, waste and residues logs.

D - chemical products: residues and residues Rubber Belts and hoses and gaskets, plastic residue from the process of manufacturing household appliances and packaging different plates Africa.

E - Food: cereal residues, charcoal ... Etc..

As for the underground water, in some areas we find some leakage of minerals from iron and manganese in addition to pesticides used in agricultural land.

 

 

 

-- The effects of pollution of freshwater to human health:

 

 

The simplest thing that destroys human health immediately through his intestinal diseases, including:

1 - Cholera  ...

2 - typhoid...

3 - dysentery all kinds.

4 - hepatitis.

5 - malaria.

6 - Bilharzia.

7 - diseases of the liver.

8 - cases of poisoning.

9 - as not only damage the rights and caused diseases, but extends to life in the waters of rivers and lakes, where the remnants of fertilizers and agriculture in the wastewater help to the growth of algae and plants of different wealth to the detriment of fish (the list of environmental site feedo) because these plants obscure the light Sun and oxygen to reach them as well as help the proliferation of insects such as mosquitoes and snails that cause schistosomiasis disease.

 

Secondly pollution of the marine environment and its impact:

 

 

-- Sources of pollution:

 

1 - Either because of accidents caused by the oil vessels or tankers:

 

Pollution from shipping activity, and associated pollution here in oil and its derivatives distinguished by the rapid deployment of up to a distance of (700) kilometers from the area of infiltration. And this kind of widespread pollution in the sea where shipping activity through both incidents of oil tankers and crashing or through attempts to prospecting and exploration for oil, or to shed some tankers passing of some waste and waste oil.

The sea water contaminated by oil tankers, but there are pollutants from other sources, such as agricultural waste, which poured the day, the remnants of pesticides, and waste factories that receive them.

2 - or as a result of sewage and industrial.

-- The effects of marine pollution:

1 - cause many diseases to humans:

-- Hepatitis.

-- Cholera.

-- Balenzlat intestinal infection...

 

 

 -- Skin infections.

2 - harm other organisms:

-- Damages fish wealth.

-- Migration of birds many useful.

-- Damage to coral reefs, which in turn affect the tourist attraction at the same time the wealth of fish where many of the fish taken from the coral reef environment and housing them.

 Other reasons for the pollution of water:

-- Rainwater:

Rainwater down from the sky free of impurities, and in the journey to reach the earth's surface attached by the pollutants found in air, which including: nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides and dust particles. This, of course, the output of solid and gaseous pollutants produced by factories and machinery engines and cars. All these pollutants combined with each melts in rainwater to form another element not only for water pollution and soil contamination but to (environmental pollution on the site feedo) also what about the phenomenon of acid rain by feedo pages site where the plant absorbs toxins that reach the soil from contaminated rainwater and banked To address human and animal then lead to poisoned.

It also exposed rainwater contaminated marine organisms to pollution of rainfall over the ground and over water bodies, and a new round of addressing rights of toxins through contaminated fish .. It is a vicious circle can not find the beginning or the end.

-- Drinking water, metal content and metal by:

 

What is the heavy metals and damage to human health?

 

1 - Mercury: If the concentration of mercury drinking water than 2 mg / litre so that the water polluted with mercury, poisoning happens to humans from the article whether increased concentrations of mercury from the body (80) mg.

it is the symptoms of mercury poisoning:

-- Parties and tingling in the lips and tongue.

-- Weakness in the control of movement.

-- Blindness.

-- Affected the nervous system.

-- Change in the genes, prenatal children is living with paralysis.

 

2 - Fluorine: Material used in the purification of drinking water, and the rates are allowable 1 mg / litre. It is an article to be useful for teeth rights where prevent Tussah (tooth decay on the pages of Video), but increased the quantity, if allowed to increase (that is the focus of 1.5 mg / L) leads to the emergence of patches structure or break teeth.

 

3 - Chlorine: a chemical also used in the clearance of drinking water, and increased rates of chlorine in the water leads to the interaction of organic compounds in water with a chlorine compounds other than with the risk of diseases cancers

 

4 - Lead: allowable ratio of the metal in drinking water is 0.1 mg / l, and if this percentage increased happens lead poisoning and contamination of drinking water comes from the pipeline delivery shot home.

Symptoms of lead poisoning:

-- Mother in the digestive system accompanying Bake.

-- Just get cramps in the nervous system may lead to a paralysis parties.

-- Epilepsy.

-- Coma...

-- Influenced by the appearance of the gums blue line diagonally to the dark.

 

5 - Arsenic: up to drinking water from pesticides or residues from factories, leading to the injury of human liver cancer or lung cancer and death rapidly.

 

6 - Cadmium: percentage allowed in the water 1-10 mg / L, and seep into drinking water from pipes manufactured from plastic. Cadmium increased the limit on the amount of calcium affects the rights Plaine bone injury.

 

7 - Iron: Increased iron leads to indigestion in humans and mixes with drinking water from the metal pipes.

-- Pollution from power plants:

 

  Graduated about 60% of the energy from power plants in the form of heat, which require cooling to prevent high temperature engines, and the network pipes. And the cooling water source sea due to a second high temperature more than 10-12 degrees Celsius, the water temperature high this lead to a lack of dissolved oxygen in the water.

-- Radioactive contamination:

This type of pollution resulting from the use of radioactive materials such as uranium (U) and thorium (Th) and materials resulting from the furnace Agency, and other materials other solid radioactive.

-- Pesticides

 Some solutions for the treatment of water pollution:

-- Speed sewage treatment before arrival of the soil or other bodies of water, which can be reused again in the irrigation of agricultural land but without the pollution of the soil and plants that eat humans and animals.

-- Disposal of shipping activity, and what happened from the leakage of oil or oil in the waters of the sea through incineration or aspiration.

-- Trying to bury radioactive waste in some specific deserts, as they leaked and threaten the safety of groundwater.

-- Impose precautions widely in order to preserve the integrity of groundwater source security of drinking water sources, in the prevention of agriculture or construction or any industrial activity could harm the safety of water.

-- Trying to recycle some waste plants instead of dumping in the banks and their access to groundwater similarly, as long as there is no harm from reuse again.

-- Periodic analysis of chemical and vital water by specialized laboratories, to ensure that standards achieved by the water quality and pollution.

-- Reduce air pollution, which contributes to the contamination of rainwater, and turned into water acid raises many interrelated problems.

-- Step Avenue is the availability of real awareness of the human need to believe in Maheshz of water pollution that are Elixir of life... And other solutions other effective

 

 

 

 

 Other types of pollution:

 

-- Air pollution: mean air pollution and the presence of harmful substances, to the detriment of human health in the first place and then the environment in which we live and air pollutants classified into two ... More

-- Waste Pollution: from the types of environmental pollution and waste pollution, which include: garbage - radioactive waste ... More

-- Visual Pollution: the distortion of any stock falls Rights appointed him feel when viewed not satisfied myself, and we can also be described as a sort of lack of artistic taste, or the disappearance of the picture aesthetic thing each of the buildings surrounding us ... To the roads ... Or sidewalks ... More

-- Water pollution: Water pollution includes the first contamination of freshwater, second pollution of the marine environment ... More

-- Audio Pollution: pollution associated audio noise or closely linked to urban areas and more advanced and special places for industrial expansion in the use of machinery and means of modern technology ... More

-- The pollution of the soil (everybody): The soil is a source of the best fruits, the more elements that marred rights used in this environment. It is not cruel to realize how important it is the basic source of food for himself and his family, and the resulting lack of awareness and understanding of this fact overlooked them ... More

-- Food contamination: contamination of foods grow day after day alarmingly even in developed countries with the highest levels of care and attention may be the result of one of the following reasons .. More

 

 

 

 

The current situation of the River Nile

 

According to reports issued by the Ministry of Environment last May, which pointed out that industrial pollutants untreated or partially treated, which jump out at the river estimated at 5, 4 million tons per year, including 50 tons of material very harmful, and 35 tons of Gaza imported chemical industries, the proportion of organic industrial pollutants that reach waterways up to 270 tons a day, equivalent to the amount of pollution caused by the 6 million people, as estimated solid waste being dumped in the river annually by about 14 million tons, while the volume of pollutants resulting from hospital annually, including an estimated 120 tons per year, including 25 tons of material fall into high-risk, and the State is making great efforts and lose the Egyptian government annually the equivalent of 3 billion pounds, as a result of millions of tons of industrial pollutants and agricultural, medical, tourism, which is receiving the Nile annually, must dispose of these wastes in a more secure world for the safety of citizens away from the projected in the Nile

 

 

 

State efforts to reduce pollution:

 

State is making strenuous efforts to reduce this contamination through the media of television and magazines to raise public awareness of the rational use of river water and urging the importance of the Nile River as a source of life for humans and animals and plants in Egypt and away from harmful pesticides and the use of pesticides which are advised by the Ministry of Agriculture to preserve the important source Water and waste disposal plants manner that does not harm the Nile as well as the ships must be disposed of offal in a healthy sound pollution of the River Nile State has work stations remnants unloading ships and disposed of safely and application of the protocol of cooperation between the Ministries of Interior and the environment resulted in several inspection campaigns on tourist boats to verify the operation of units sanitation vehicles according to the specifications of environmental and explained that as a result of these campaigns show that there are 41 boats floated between Luxor and Aswan not occupy units Bmkhalafadtha received treatment in the river, and that the fines in this case in accordance with the law, ranging from 1000 - 20,000 pounds, as The Egyptian judiciary and the tightening of penalties for environmental violations especially if the Nile, with a warning to the point of their licence conditions established for the correction within 60 days, and then withdraw the licence and closed established with the exception of cases of imminent danger, such as the dumping of hospital waste in the river or toxic chemicals where not wait 60 days and the law is being applied in the case, the use of sewage water in agriculture-wood forest trees in the cities (cities of Ismailia and Sadat, the New Valley and Aswan), and the whole forest land sand, but the state can not work alone without cooperation with the people in curbing pollution of the Nile water

 

 

 

There are some proposals to reduce pollution River Nile:

 

Educate students and school children since the minor importance of the River Nile for life and not pollute the water, threw Mkhalafatna it.

Effective contribution to the preservation of the River Nile, even providing advice for rationalization in the use of the Nile water and waste in the use and dumping of waste and dead animals it.

Firm up for the factories discharged offal in the Nile.

Accounting ships at the disposal of offal Nile.

Guide farmers to use pesticides others harmful to the environment.

Failure to pay sewage in the waters of the Nile and benefit from post-treatment in growing deserts.

Use information in urging not to pollute the river Nile.

 

 

 

And we must maintain the Nile water because the Nile is the basis of life... And also must be preserved because it is the wealth God has given us and will have to Dianaha Today in things that do not benefit them ... And maintain that:

1. Non-wasteful use of water

2. Non-dumping dirt in the waters of the River Nile

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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